https://in.trip.com/moments/detail/manila-367-15993136
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馬尼拉 #馬尼拉 #manila

UNESCO Official name Church of the Immaculate Conception of San Agustin (Manila) - Part of Baroque Churches of the Philippines Criteria Cultural: (ii)(iv) Inscription 1993 (17th Session) The majestic trompe-l'oeil ceiling of San Augustin Church, Intramuros Manila. Completed in 1876. Trompe l’oeil is French for fools the eye. It first appeared in the Philippines in San Agustin church in Intramuros where the ceilings and walls are decorated with it. At first, one would think that these are carved decorations, a perfect play of light and shadows until upon close scrutiny, the three dimensional effect, are infact just painted on the ceiling. 聖奧古斯丁教堂(英語:San Agustin Church)位於馬尼拉王城區的古城牆內,是1607年落成的羅馬天主教奧斯定會教堂,教堂建築本身是菲律賓最古老的建築物。1993年,聖奧斯定堂等西班牙殖民時期修建的四座菲律賓教堂被列為世界遺產,稱為「菲律賓的巴洛克教堂」。 目前的教堂已經是第三次修建的聖奧斯定堂。聖奧斯定堂是西班牙人在呂宋島修建的第一座宗教建築,第一次修建聖奧古斯丁教堂是1571年由西班牙人用竹子和蘆葦建成,但是在1574年12月中國海盜林鳳逃亡到菲律賓時,進攻馬尼拉並以大火毀壞聖奧古斯丁教堂。第二次修建教堂用木頭建造,於1583年2月被毀,起火原因是在西班牙總督Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa的葬禮上,蠟燭點燃了棺材布。 第三次修建奧古斯丁教堂時,受奧斯定會位於當時同樣被西班牙殖民的墨西哥普埃布拉大教堂建築設計影響,胡安·馬西亞斯(Juan Macias)決定用石料重建教堂以及毗鄰的修道院。1762年,在七年戰爭期間,佔領馬尼拉的英國軍隊洗劫了聖奧斯定堂。1854年,由建築師 Luciano Oliver修復了教堂。九年後,1863年6月3日,一場大地震毀滅了馬尼拉,聖奧斯定堂為該市唯一倖存的公共建築。 1898年8月18日,美西戰爭後,西班牙總督Fermin Jaudenes 在這座教堂準備馬尼拉向美國投降的條款。在第二次世界大戰期間,日本佔領了菲律賓,聖奧斯定堂被改為關押囚犯的集中營。在馬尼拉戰役的後期,數百名王城區居民和神職人員作為人質被日本軍隊關押紮起這座教堂,其中許多人在長達三周的戰役中遭到殺害。這座教堂本身在美國和菲律賓軍隊的轟擊中倖存了下來,只有屋頂受損,成為城牆內七座教堂中唯一倖存的一座,於20世紀70年代改建為博物館。
Posted: Dec 6, 2022
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